Class 10 SST Notes & Question Bank Overview: CBSE Class 10 Age of Industrialism
Intro
Globally, the Age of Industrialisation marks a major turning point bringing developments in technology, mechanization, and economic systems. From hand labor to machine-based manufacturing, this era saw factories, urbanization, and worldwide trade networks evolve. Understanding this age is essential for CBSE Class 10 students to fully appreciate how industrialization is changing politics, economy, and society.
Covering major ideas, significant events, and test-oriented questions, this blog offers a thorough study of the CBSE Class 10 Social Science topic, The Age of Industrialization.
Fundamental Features of Industrialization
1. Technological Developments and Creativity
The Industrial Revolution introduced major advances altering manufacturing and production techniques:
Mechanism brought about by machines raised output and efficiency.
Industries moved from small-scale production to massive mechanized manufacturing under a factory system.
Roads, trains, and ports grew to help trade and movement.
Globalization: As nations trade internationally and raise output results in economic interdependence.
2. Pre-Industrial Society’s Guilds’ Function
Guilds were very important in regulating trade and industry before factories started to grow:
Training Craftsmen: Guilds guaranteed artists in their particular disciplines were competent.
Restricted access into professions helped them to control competition by preserving high-quality production.
Monopolies emerged after rulers granting guilds exclusive rights over manufacture and sales.
But as factory-based industry replaced guilds under industrialization, they lost their power.
3. Important Industrial Events’ Timeline
Knowing important historical events helps one to examine the development of industrialization:
1600: East India Company established.
James Hargreaves’ spinning Jenny idea helped to increase textile output in 1764.
James Watt’s patent of the steam engine transformed sectors in 1781.
Bombay opens its first cotton factory in 1854.
J.N. Tata opened the first iron and steel mills in Jamshedpur in 1912.
1941: Fly shuttle applied in more than 35 looms improves weaving effectiveness.
These benchmarks capture the slow industrial change taking place worldwide and in India.
4. India’s industrial development
British colonial policies greatly shaped India’s industrial growth. Among important factors are:
Early Industrial Struggles: British policies favouring imported items caused suffering to Indian weavers and artists.
Decline of Traditional Industries: British manufactured goods displaced handloom weaving and native industry.
Rising industrialists like Dwarkanath Tagore, J.N. Tata, and Seth Hukumchand founded important sectors of Indian economy.
Notwithstanding difficulties, Indian businesses expanded especially during World War I when Britain relied on Indian manufacture.
5. Effects of Industrialism
Multiple social and economic changes followed from industrialization:
Positive Impacts:
Mass manufacture made possible by machines helped to lower manual labor requirements.
Employment Prospectives: Industrial centers drew rural populations by generating employment.
Urbanism: As businesses needed a sizable workforce, cities developed.
Roads and railroads grew to help trade by means of expansion.
Negative consequences:
Factory workers suffered little pay, bad working conditions, and long hours.
Children working in dangerous situations resulted from industrial demand.
Decline in Handicrafts: As machine-made products predominated markets, traditional artists lost their means of income.
Environmental contamination and resource depletion resulting from growing industrial activity were consequences.
Test-oriented Questions and Answers
These important CBSE Class 10 SST Question Bank questions could assist students in exam preparation:
1. Mark the Questions
James Hargreaves (1764) came up with the Spinning Jenny.
2. Out of all the industries that emerged in Britain, which was first the textile one?
3. Why did output of Indian textiles drop under British control? Because of tariffs imposed by Britain and the rivalry from imported manufactured goods.
4. Gomasthas served what purpose? ← East India Company appointees assigned to monitor Indian weavers.
Questions with a 3/5 mark
Q1: How did Indian weavers fare when Manchester first emerged?
The response is:
Textiles made in Manchester were less expensive than Indian handwoven goods.
British policies favoured imported fabric, therefore lowering local demand.
Job losses and financial hardship beset Indian weavers.
Many weavers turned from their art into laborers.
Q2: Why did Indian consumers see British goods promoted?
The response is:
to generate demand for goods made in Britain on the Indian market.
Ads appealing to local consumers included imagery of Indian gods and national symbols.
British products were first popularized using calendars, newspapers, and magazines.
This approach of marketing enabled British products to rule Indian marketplaces.
Q3: In early 19th century, why were industrialists hesitant to apply machinery?
Respected response:
With human labor inexpensive and plentiful, machines were not needed.
Machines needed large capital outlay.
Some businesses, like textiles, needed detailed handwork not achievable with machinery.
Concerned about job loss, workers opposed automation.
Q4: How did industrial cities change under labour migration?
Reaction:
Rural residents moved to find employment, and cities developed.
Slums and inadequate living conditions resulting from overcrowding were outcomes.
Many of the migrants battled to find work, which resulted in unemployment and homelessness.
Trade unions grew out of the need for better working conditions.
Finish
A pivotal point in world history, the Industrial Age shaped contemporary society and economics. It resulted in worker exploitation, environmental problems, and the loss of traditional crafts even as it brought technological developments and economic gain. Knowing these features helps students to value the complexity of industrialization and its effects on the modern society.
Examining this topic is crucial for CBSE Class 10 students, hence concentrating on important events, industrial policies, and how they affect society will help them to have a strong grasp of the issue.
With this blog, hopefully, your SST exam preparation will be easier. Continually improve your retention by keeping working on and answering questions.
