Class 10 Social Science – Agriculture Notes and Question Bank, CBSE
In introduction
With about two-thirds of the workforce involved, agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy. It covers animal tending and grain farming. Students in CBSE Class 10 Social Science must understand many agricultural techniques, cropping patterns, and government reforms. Key notes, farming techniques, main crops, and pertinent questions for test preparation are covered on this blog.
Garden Concept Map
Definition: Along with animal farming for dairy, meat, and wool manufacture, agriculture includes the farming of crops, fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Method of Farming:
Ploughing → Sowing → Irrigation → Weeding → Manuring → Harvesting → Threshing
Variations in Farming
1. Sustainable farming
Small-scale farming for household consumption.
Makes use of natural fertilisers and basic tools.
reliant on monsoon precipitation.
2. Intensive Agricultural Methodologies
High labour, irrigation, and fertiliser input.
Little acreage with several cropping cycles.
For instance, the farming of rice and wheat in highly crowded places.
3. Commercial Gardening
Big farming meant for market sales.
Makes use of contemporary irrigation, fertilisers, and technologies.
Examples: wheat, maize, cotton, sugarcane.
4. Plantations of Agriculture
one large-scale single crop cultivated.
needs both skilled labour and significant investment.
Among examples are tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane.
5. Mixed Agronomy
cultivating crops next to cattle.
assures sustainability and ongoing income.
6. Shifting Cultivation—Slash and Burn
Land is cleared, utilised for agricultural, then abandoned for soil rehabilitation.
practiced in tribal areas under several names worldwide:
Milpa ( Mexico), Ladang (Indonesia), Roca (Brazil), Jhum ( India).
7. Mobile Herding
Seasonal movement of cattle for grazing.
Frequent in mountainous and desert areas.
Indian Cropping Techniques
1. Kharif Agricultural Products
Sowing falls between June and July (monsoon season).
Harvesting: September to October
Among examples include rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, soyabean.
2. Rabi crops
Sowing: Winter, October to December
Harvesting falls February through April.
Among examples are wheat, barley, peas, gramme, mustard.
3. Zaid Farm Products
Sowing falls between Rabi and Kharif seasons: April through June.
Watermelons, cucumbers, muskmelsons are a few examples.
Indian Major Crops
1. Food Production
Grown in alluvial soil with plenty of rainfall, rice comes from West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana.
Wheat: Needs moderate rain and mild temps (Puncher Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh).
Grown in dry areas, millets (jowar, bajra, ragi) are drought-resistant.
Pulses: Gramme, Tur, Urad, Moong, Masur—high-protein crops.
2. Cash Vegetables
Sugar cane calls for a hot, humid environment (Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra).
Grown in dark soil, cotton requires only modest rainfall (Gujarat, Maharashtra).
Jute: West Bengal, Bihar calls for a warm, moist environment.
3. Plantations for Crops
Grown in mountainous areas with lots of rain, tea comes from Assam, West Bengal.
Coffee: Calls for a warm, humid environment (Karnataka, Kerala).
Rubber: Raised in tropical climates (Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala).
Essential Agricultural Techniques
Rotation of Crop:
Changing several crops on the same field helps to preserve soil fertility.
2. revolution green
Introduction of contemporary irrigation, fertilisers, and HYV (High Yield Variance) seeds.
More wheat produced resulted in water scarcity and soil degradation.
3. White Transformation
Operation Flood sought to improve dairy farming so raising milk output.
4. Natural Gardening
Using natural fertilisers helps one avoid chemical pesticides.
5. Land Holdings Consolidation: Chakbandi
combining little, scattered areas for effective farming.
Government Projects and Agricultural Reforms
1. Minimum Support Price (MSP) – Guaranturing farmers fair rates.
Protection against crop failure is provided by crop insurance, sometimes known as Fasal Bima Yojana.
3. Grameen Banks & Kisan Credit Card: Simple loan accessibility.
4. Water availability improvement through irrigation plans.
5. Encouragement of output by subsidies on seeds and fertilisers.
Key Issues for CBSE Class 10 Social Science
Questions of Objectives Type
One should fill in the blank:
One fibre crop is ____. (Response: Jute or cotton)
2. Link the Following:
Tea – (Assam)
Wheat – (Haryana)
Rubber – (Kerala)
Sugar: (Uttar Pradesh)
3. True or false?
One further name for wheat is golden fibre. ( False)
Millets used in Jowar, Bajra, Ragi are (Real)
Short Answers: Questions with Short Answers
Write four Rabi and Kharif crop names.
2. Describe two features of Plantation Agriculture.
Third: what is sericulture?
4. Explain organic farming.
5. What bad effects of the Green Revolution exist?
Long Questions with Answers
1. Explain why India depends on agriculture so much.
2. Talk about institutional changes the Indian Government brought about.
3. Describe the difficulties Indian farmers find.
4. Distinctive features between commercial and intensive subsistence farming.
5. Explain the appropriate topography needed for rice and wheat farming.
Finally.
India’s economy depends much on agriculture, which also provides millions of livelihoods. For CBSE Class 10 students, knowing farming techniques, cropping trends, and government changes is absolutely vital. Students who have the right information and preparedness will shine on tests and grow to be conscious of India’s agricultural environment.
Principal keywords:
CBSE Class 10 SST, Agriculture Notes, Farmers Types, Cropping Patterns, Green Revolution, Kharif & Rabi Crops, Principal Crops in India, Agricultural reforms, Question Bank for Social Sciences
